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Heat treatment
Normalizing
A material can be normalized by heating it to a specific temperature and then letting the material cool to room temperature outside of the oven. This treatment refines the grain size and improves the uniformity of microstructure and properties of hot rolled steel.
QT
Quenching and tempering
QT is an abbreviation for “Quenching and Tempering.” It refers to a heat treatment process used to improve the mechanical properties of materials, particularly steel.
During the quenching stage of QT, the material is heated to a specific temperature and then rapidly cooled by immersion in a quenching medium such as water or oil. This quenching process causes the material to become very hard and brittle.
Next, the material undergoes tempering, which involves reheating it to a lower temperature and holding it there for a specified amount of time. The purpose of tempering is to reduce the brittleness caused by the quenching process, while maintaining some of the hardness and strength gained during the first stage of heat treatment.
The duration and temperature of both stages of the QT process are carefully controlled to achieve the desired material properties. QT can improve the material’s yield strength, tensile strength, toughness, and resistance to impact and fatigue.
Annealing
Annealing is a heat treatment process used to improve the properties of metals and alloys, especially their ductility and toughness.
The process involves heating the material to a specific temperature, holding it at that temperature for a set period of time, and then cooling it slowly in order to achieve a desired microstructure and mechanical properties.
During annealing, the internal structure of the material is changed by changes in its crystal lattice. Annealing can reduce the internal stresses of the material and increase its ductility and toughness, making it more suitable for deformation processes.
